环境
git : 2+
前言
最近两天,公司的git
合并代码时,出现了严重的问题,浪费很多时间;
现在记录下;
情况是这样的,一个同事自己的本地分支(远程没有),不知怎么的,有了别人开发分支的代码,而他自己又不知道;
其在切换到主分支,并merge
自己的分支,此时其已经把别人正在开发的代码都合并到了主分支。
到了晚上准备升级时,才发现,主分支的代码出了问题;此时版本库是这样的:
如图 100047dcc
这一步就有不该有的代码;
而此时版本库已经提交过了很多次,现在的问题就是,如何撤销掉100047dcc
提交的代码,并且保留其他人提交的代码。
这个问题,折腾到了晚上9点半左右,尝试了网上给出的:
git rebase -i commit_id //再通过将pick改为drop
但是,实际的效果是,100047dcc
代码没了,其他人提交的代码也没有了!
也就是给人感觉和git reset --hard be8c6f6dd
没有什么区别!
最后因为太晚,从提交记录上看,100047dcc
之后就一个人提交了代码,所以就执行了:
//先切一个备份分支 git branch -b master_tmp //再执行 git reset --hard be8c6f6dd
之后,那个人(也就是我)从备份分支上把文件拷贝回来—(因为我是直接在主分支上改的,自己的分支并没有代码)。
第二天,我打算去拷贝文件,我执行如下操作:
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master) $ git pull remote: Counting objects: 44, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (23/23), done. remote: Total 26 (delta 19), reused 0 (delta 0) Unpacking objects: 100% (26/26), done. From gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice + 1784b12...384decc master -> origin/master (forced update) f8f2b19..eb33489 devyaomy -> origin/devyaomy * [new branch] master_tmp -> origin/master_tmp Already up-to-date. yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master) $ git status On branch master Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 796 commits. (use "git push" to publish your local commits) nothing to commit, working directory clean yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master) $ git push Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To git@gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice.git 384decc..1784b12 master -> master
简单的说,我的操作就是两步:
1git pull
2、git push
结果又把代码还原回去了!
为啥呢?
虽然昨天晚上,把远程库的版本回退到了正确的版本,但是我的本地主分支还是最新的commit,也就是说,相比远程库,我本地库是超前了多次提交,毕竟因为远程库回退了嘛!
这个时候,我必须也得对本地库进行回退,回退到线上相同的commit
节点才行。
这个时候,我做了以下几个操作:
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master) $ git reset --soft 384deccaa6 $ git status On branch master Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'. Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) modified: .gitignore modified: conf/application.conf new file: conf/hanlp.properties new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java new file: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java // 文件太多不一一显示 yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master) $ git reset --hard 384deccaa6
上面敲了很多命令,其实真正只需要git reset --hard 384deccaa6
即可。
git reset --hard 384deccaa6
接下来,我开始复制粘贴,从备份分支上,把代码拷贝下。
真的操蛋,这等于是增加工作量啊!
revert 撤销某次提交
到了下午,又有个同事干了类似我上午的操作。把不该有的代码提交上去了!
这就麻烦了,虽然远程库回退了!结果是要求凡是pull
最新代码的人,都得进行本地回退的操作。
否则,就没完没了!
到了晚上,对着备份分支进行测试,终于找到了优雅的解决办法!
这就是revert
命令
该命令就是为撤销某次提交而存在的;
首先,我是明白100047dcc
这次提交是有问题的,这是问题的源头;
也就是说,只要我们把这次提交的给撤销了,就不会有问题了!
步骤 一
$ git revert 100047dcc error: Commit 100047dccb58f3ee5e27b0dfaf5c02ac91dc2c73 is a merge but no -m option was given. fatal: revert failed
结果报错了,报了一个Commit is a merge but no -m option was given.
为什么呢?
如果100047dcc
这只是一个普通的提交,其实是不会报错的!
但是,这是一个merge
的提交。
那么在撤销时,git
并不知道我要撤销具体哪次!如下图:
这个时候,怎么办呢?
我的做法
步骤二
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp) $ git revert 100047dcc -m 1 error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>' hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
我执行了这样的一个操作:
git revert 100047dcc -m 1
参数 -m 就是指定要撤销的那个提价,从左往右,从1开始数;也就是我撤销的是ca4a7ff999
。
接着其把代码冲突,然后我就解决冲突,保留主分支的代码,去掉那个人的代码。
解决完冲突后,我执行如下操作:
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING) $ git add -A yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING) $ git status On branch master_tmp Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master_tmp'. You are currently reverting commit 100047d. (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue") (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation) Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/datacentre/action/GetIncomeDistributeAction.java //文件太多省略。。。 yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING) $ git commit -m "ceshi" [master_tmp d2ae829] ceshi 18 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 396 deletions(-)
我上面执行的语句其实就是:
$ git add -A $ git commit -m "ceshi"
步骤三
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp) $ git revert 100047dcc -m 2 error: could not revert 100047d... Merge branch 'master' of gitlab.gofund.cn:gg-service/ggservice into wjs hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>' hint: and commit the result with 'git commit'
也就是执行:
$ git revert 100047dcc -m 2
即 撤销be8c6f6dde
的提交,这个时候也会提示代码冲突了,
接着和上面一样,解决冲突,在提交:
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING) $ git status On branch master_tmp Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit. (use "git push" to publish your local commits) You are currently reverting commit 100047d. (fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue") (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation) Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) modified: .gitignore deleted: conf/hanlp.properties deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java // 文件太多省略。。。 yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING) $ git add -A yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING) $ git status On branch master_tmp Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master_tmp' by 1 commit. (use "git push" to publish your local commits) You are currently reverting commit 100047d. (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue") (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation) Changes to be committed: (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) modified: .gitignore modified: conf/application.conf deleted: conf/hanlp.properties deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java deleted: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/service/ExpertGG3Service.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/GetMyStockLabelInfoAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/action/UpdateUserTokenInfoAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/AppDOSInfoService.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/ggmtoolbox/service/UserInfoService.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/action/GetStockPlateComponentAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/graph/service/StockPlateService.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/hq/action/GetStockHistoryDynamicAction.java modified: dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/keybordspirit/action/GetMyGroupStockIndexAction.java yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp|REVERTING) $ git commit -m "使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试" [master_tmp 236da00] 使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试 95 files changed, 2093 insertions(+), 10011 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 conf/hanlp.properties delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/common/UserCodeEnum.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/BindEmailGG3Action.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/action/SendEmailCaptchaGG3Action.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/email/service/EmailCaptchaService.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/expert/action/GetExpertOfStockAssessAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/BindMobileGG3Action.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mobile/action/SendMobileCaptchaGG3Action.java rewrite dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/mystocktags/service/MyStockTagService.java (82%) delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRankListAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetAuthorRecommendReportListAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHonoraryAuthorListAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotIndustryListAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotStockListAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetHotThemeListAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/action/GetOrganRankListAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/AuthorOrganRankCondition.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/condition/HotReportCondition.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/report/service/HotReportService.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/AutoLoginAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/BindOuterChannelAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/EmailRegisterAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/GetUserAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/IsAccountExistAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LoginAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/LogoutAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/OuterChannelLoginAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/action/RegisterAction.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/LoginService.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/RegisterService.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserCommonUtils.java delete mode 100644 dataservice/app/ggservice/v1/usergg/service/UserService.java
即:
$ git add -A $ git commit -m "使用revert 版本号 -m 1或者2同时进行撤销某次提交测试"
可以看出删除掉了那个人提交的文件。
最后一步
yutao@yutao MINGW64 /d/sts/workspace/ggservice (master_tmp) $ git push
这样就把那个人提交错误的代码给删除了,其他人的本地分支也不需要版本回退了!
一次改好,到处OK!
总结
当想撤销中间某次提交时,强烈建议使用revert
命令,而不是reset
。
git reset –hard commit_id 虽然可以回退远程库,但是其要求pull
最新代码的每个人的本地分支都要进行版本回退。这样就增加工作量了!
正确的步骤:
git revert commit_id //如果commit_id是merge节点的话,-m是指定具体哪个提交点 git revert commit_id -m 1 //接着就是解决冲突 git add -A git commit -m ".." git revert commit_id -m 2 //接着就是解决冲突 git add -A git commit -m ".." git push
其中git revert commit_id -m 数字
是针对,merge
提交点的操作。
如果是普通的提交点,不需要这么麻烦。
参考地址:
[Git高级教程(二)] 远程仓库版本回退方法
https://www.cnblogs.com/ShaYeBlog/p/5368064.html
https://blog.csdn.net/hongchangfirst/article/details/49472913
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